The timing and sequence of emergence of permanent teeth in Malay schoolchildren in Kota Bharu, Malaysia

The purpose of this study was to determine the timing and sequence of emergence of the first 28 permanent teeth in a cross-section of Malay children in the district of Kota Bharu, in northeastern Peninsula Malaysia. The sample consists of 478 boys and 908 girls of Malay descent aged between 5-19 years. The criterion for tooth emergence was the appearance of the tooth through the gingivae. Descriptive statistics were calculated and probit regression analysis performed to determine the mean age of emergence of the permanent dentition. The mean age at emergence was found to conform to general trends, with emergence seen earlier in girls than in boys. Comparisons were made with the Chinese (Hong Kong) and the Punjabi (Chandigarh) profiles, which showed earlier emergence timings in those ethnic groups. The emergence timing in Malays, however, was earlier than in Thais (Central Thailand). The sequence of emergence was determined by referring to the mean age of tooth emergence of individual teeth and conforms to the general trend seen in other studies.

Nuclear and isotopic techniques application used in supporting nutritional studies in Latin America countries

La comunidad global de la nutrición reconoce la utilidad de técnicas nucleares e isotópicas y especialmente de isótopos estables para las medidas exactas en las áreas dominantes de la nutrición humana y de la salud. Aunque se ha progresado en muchos países de América Latina en la reducción el número absoluto de desnutridos, la política alimentaria y las comunidades de la salud pública, tienen que hacer frente a la carga doble en la salud. Por un lado se tiene que tratar la prevención de la obesidad y, por otro lado, se está intentando reducir la malnutrición y la pobreza. Para ésto, el conocimiento científico relevante y el arte de la práctica son necesarios para ser acertados en el desarrollo de los programas sostenibles de la nutrición. Los objetivos de esta revisión son destacar el papel de técnicas isotópicas en estudios nutricionales y revisar el papel del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA) en la intervención y soporte del estado de la nutrición en los países de América Latina

Prevalance of obesity and overweight in northeastern peninsular Malaysia and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors.

Height and body weight were measured in 2,284 subjects over 20 years old. The subjects were chosen by cluster sampling in 9 districts of Kelantan. Blood was drawn after an overnight fast for measurement of cholesterol (chol), triglyceride (TG), VLDL and HDL-Chol. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed with 75 g glucose. The overall prevalence of overweight [BMI (kg/m2) > or = 25-< or = 30] and obesity (BMI > 30) was 21.3% and 4.5% respectively. The overweight and obese were significantly younger than the lean subjects. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (chol > 5.2 mmol/l) in lean, overweight and obese subjects was 65.3%, 70.2% and 74.7%, respectively. Impaired glucose tolerance was found in 16.6% of the lean, 21.6% of the overweight and 32.0% of the obese subjects. Diabetes mellitus was found in 7.9% of the lean, 10.5% of the overweight and 6.7 of the obese subjects. 10.1% of lean, 13.2% of overweight and 23.3% of obese individuals were hypertensive. In conclusion, the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Malaysia was associated with adverse lipid and glucose metabolism as well as poor blood pressure control.